Developing new tools for rapidly phenotyping visual quality traits with the intent to better understand the genetics and develop markers for use in the breeding program

Seed colours (testa and cotyledon), patterns, size and shape, and the within-variety consistency of these characteristics, are key determining factors for quality and price of lentil. These are also key traits for variety identification and are required for variety registration and for establishing distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) when applying for Plant Breeders’ Rights. The genes for zero tannin seed coat (tan95) and green cotyledon (i-yc) have been characterized in lentil by our group. Other important genes include the red/yellow cotyledon colour gene (Yc – see Activity 2b), the two main genes determining seed coat ground colours (Tgc and Ggc), and the genes controlling black seed coat and seed coat patterns. We know the general locations of Tgc and Ggc in the genome96 but have yet to identify candidate genes. The black seed coat colour is yet to be mapped in the genome and our findings so far suggest that at least two genes are responsible for this trait. In most lentil breeding programs, visual quality traits are evaluated by laying out thousands of samples for visual evaluation. Seed size and shape are determined via a time-consuming procedure using a set of graduated round-hole and slotted sieves. An automated, objective measurement of these seed characteristics is needed to improve efficiency and throughput of the breeding program.